The first party system is clearly delineated in the mid-year 1790. He saw the opposition "party" of Federalist Alexander Hamilton and the Republican Party of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, and determined American policy from 1797 to 1820. The "party" Federalist no organized party ever in itself, but remained fairly bland alliance of special interests. Reflects mainly the urban areas, and defended the interests of financial groups and merchants, eager to increase their turnovers. Its electoral base was concentrated in the Northeast. The Federalists generally came from upper class and their party was seen by the people as an essential part aristocrat. This connotation became a handicap especially towards the end of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, when the right to vote was extended to the lower-middle classes. The Federalists never develop an organization similar to that Jeffersonian Republicans, and put more little consensus in rural and agricultural that made up the majority of the electorate.
Jefferson laid the foundations of American individualism, was contrary to the central bank opposed the elitist aristocracy that supported the Federalists, proclaimed the "faith in people," he fought for the extension of the right to vote and the popular control over government. Republicans feared the growing intrusiveness of the financial groups that threatened the interests of large plantations. Were opposed to protectionist measures that forced the South to buy manufactured goods from the north instead of importing them from abroad cheaper. In cabinet meetings disputes between Hamilton and Jefferson were often very heated.
The Federalists were convinced that the correct view "Republican" was theirs. Republicans mocking the climax they hitch many names, including: antideferalisti, Jacobins and even "democratic." The noble sentiment was still fairly widespread, partly inherited from the founding fathers. For many of the protagonists of those historical moments, the republic was the guarantee that the representatives were chosen from among the wise and patriotic citizens. They saw democracy as the rule of the mob, ie a turbulent form of government, subject to disputes and factionalism. Excesses that followed the French Revolution helped to fuel these positions. The general sentiment changed as the right to vote was extended to larger sections of the population.
In various states of Jefferson's supporters used to be called "Democratic-Republicans," but this name is not established itself as never before identification of the party. Today the name "Democratic-Republican" is used by many historians to describe the party of Jefferson, avoiding any risk of confusion with the modern Republican Party, founded in 1854. Some Jeffersonians, proud to be called "democratic", began to use this name to identify themselves, thus establishing the first connection with the modern Democratic Party, who was born after the elections of 1832.
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